中国石油市场六月全景：需求回暖背后的隐忧与机遇

<p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">一、需求端：交通出行拉动"三驾马车"</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">6月中国表观石油需求同比增长5%，重返五年区间上限。这个看似枯燥的数字背后，是三个关键驱动力的共同作用：</span></p><ol style="margin: 8px 0px 16px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: inherit;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;list-style: decimal;text-align: left;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">航空煤油需求爆发</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">随着暑期国际旅行旺季开启，中国航班量同比激增10%，其中国际航班增长17%成为主力。政府降低燃油附加费的政策更是火上浇油——800公里以上航线附加费直接腰斩。这推动航空煤油需求创下历史同期新高，单月增长170千桶/日。</span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span></span></section><p><span leaf=""><br /></span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">柴油需求意外回暖</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">在连续7个月负增长后，柴油需求终于迎来3%的同比增长。这主要得益于两个特殊因素：中美关税休战窗口期带来的出口前置，以及6月农作物集中收割的季节性需求。但值得注意的是，制造业PMI仍处于49.7的收缩区间，暗示这种回暖可能难以持续。</span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span></span></section><p><span leaf=""><br /></span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 0px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">汽油消费的"冰火两重天"</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">端午节假期带动夏季出行，汽油表观需求环比增长100千桶/日。但新能源汽车53%的市场渗透率正在持续挤压传统燃油车空间，导致汽油需求同比仍下降8%。这个数字折射出中国能源消费结构的深刻变革。</span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="">二、供应端：炼厂开启"冲刺模式"</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">随着春季检修季结束，中国炼厂6月加工量暴增120万桶/日，达到创纪录的1520万桶/日。这其中藏着三个关键动向：</span></p><ol style="margin: 8px 0px 16px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: inherit;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;list-style: decimal;text-align: left;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">国有炼厂"抢跑"明显</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">沙特5月下调官方售价后，中国国有炼厂立即追加采购，导致6月沙特原油进口激增52%。与此同时，伊朗原油进口更是飙升88%，部分是为补充5月的低库存。</span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span></span></section><p><span leaf=""><br /></span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">地缘政治扰动供应链</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">美国可能对俄油买家实施"二级关税"的消息引发担忧，而马来西亚拟禁止船对船转运的举措，更可能切断伊朗原油的重要运输通道。这些不确定性正推动中国买家转向印度、卡塔尔等替代供应源。</span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 0px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">民营炼厂生存困境</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">山东地炼开工率仅45.8%，较国有炼厂低32个百分点。燃料油消费税返还提高至75-95%的新政虽带来喘息，但长期来看，反内卷政策可能导致约300万桶/日的地炼产能被淘汰。</span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="">三、结构变革：新能源冲击波</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">新能源汽车对传统能源的替代正在加速，但不同领域呈现分化：</span></p><ol style="margin: 8px 0px 16px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: inherit;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;list-style: decimal;text-align: left;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">重卡市场格局重塑</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">6月新能源重卡销量首次连续两月超越LNG重卡，但政府14%的柴油车购置补贴又延缓了这一趋势。有趣的是，当LNG批发价降至柴油的65%时，经济性天平再次倾斜。</span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span></span></section><p><span leaf=""><br /></span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 0px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">化工原料"乾坤大挪移"</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">美国LPG被加征125%关税期间，石化企业纷纷转用石脑油作原料，推动其进口量飙升40%。虽然关税现已回调至10%，但产业链已开始构建更安全的供应体系，印度石脑油进口量创新高就是明证。</span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="">四、未来展望：三大关键趋势</span></p><ol style="margin: 8px 0px 16px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px;border: 0px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-variant-numeric: inherit;font-variant-east-asian: inherit;font-variant-alternates: inherit;font-variant-position: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: inherit;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans CN&quot;, sans-serif;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;list-style: decimal;text-align: left;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">出口红利或将消退</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">随着美国"抢出口"窗口关闭，柴油需求可能再现疲软。但全球馏分油供应紧张，为中国炼厂提升柴油出口提供机遇。</span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 4px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">政策工具箱持续发力</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">新出台的23.2万吨石脑油进口配额（较去年翻倍）、充电基础设施下乡等政策，正在重塑能源供需平衡。</span></p></li><li style="margin: 4px 0px 0px 4px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">地缘博弈增加变数</span><span leaf=""><br /></span><span leaf="">伊朗供应风险、俄油二级关税、马来西亚转运禁令等"黑天鹅"，可能随时冲击市场格局。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf=""><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf=""><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-variant: inherit;font-weight: 400;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: inherit;font-optical-sizing: inherit;font-size-adjust: inherit;font-kerning: inherit;font-feature-settings: inherit;font-variation-settings: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;display: inline;"><span leaf="">透过这份报告，我们既看到中国经济复苏的韧性——航空出行火爆、炼厂开足马力；也看到结构转型的阵痛——新能源替代加速、地炼生存艰难。在这个充满张力的市场中，政策制定者正在关税、配额、补贴等多维度精细调控，而产业玩家则需在不确定中寻找确定性。下个季度，原油库存变化、独立炼厂生存状况、航空需求持续性将成为观察中国能源健康度的三大体温计。</span></p></li></ol><section><span leaf=""><br /></span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>