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创新药公司股价涨跌到底怎么算?

发布于 2026-08-21

<section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;font-family: Optima, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, PingFangSC-regular, serif;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.5em;word-spacing: 0em;letter-spacing: 0em;word-break: break-word;overflow-wrap: break-word;text-align: left;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><span leaf="">很多普通投资者买创新药股票都有这个困惑:明明公司现在还在亏钱,为什么市值能炒到几百亿?今天出了临床数据公告,为什么股价一下子涨了20%,昨天签了个出海合作,市值又跳涨了?为啥仿制药公司PE只有10倍,创新药公司能给几十上百倍?</span></section><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">其实创新药的估值逻辑,和你熟悉的消费、周期、传统制造业完全不一样——它不看你今年赚了多少钱,只看你手里管线未来能赚多少钱。</span></p><h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 175, 80);align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 4px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(76, 175, 80);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;font-weight: bold;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">一、为什么普通估值方法在创新药身上完全失效?</span></span></h2><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">创新药从立项到上市,要走十年甚至更久,投入几个亿到几十亿,但是一旦成功,专利保护期内就能赚大钱,优质分子可以稳定创造十几年现金流。全球Top10创新药一年就能卖将近1800亿美元,龙头PD-1可瑞达单品一年卖300多亿美元,礼来替尔泊肽两个品牌加起来卖超过360亿美元,已经成为美股市场占比超过60%的医疗核心资产。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">但创新药的价值兑现路径非常特殊:</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">前期全是投入,十几年都不赚钱,现金流要等上市之后才慢慢兑现,而且还有研发失败归零的风险</span></strong><span leaf="">。比如我们熟悉的国产三代EGFR抑制剂伏美替尼,2021年才获批,四年就从2.4亿卖到50多亿,但获批之前花了十几年研发,一直都是亏损。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">这种特点就决定了我们常用的PE(市盈率)、PB(市净率)完全没法用——一家潜力最大的Biotech(生物科技公司),往往在研发最关键的年份亏得最多,当期利润完全是负的,PE直接没法算;就算已经盈利,当期利润也只反映已经上市的老管线,未来十年要上的新管线价值根本没体现在利润表里。所以PE/PB在创新药估值里是系统性失效的,业内主流用的是DCF(现金流折现)和rNPV(风险调整后净现值),核心逻辑就是</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">把未来管线能赚的现金流,折成现在的价值,核心看未来,不看当下</span></strong><span leaf="">。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">和传统DCF不一样的是,rNPV专门加了一步「风险调整」:还没上市的分子,要按照所处临床阶段乘以对应的临床成功率,把失败的概率提前算进去,不会把失败项目的现金流错误算进估值里,这是最适合创新药的改进。</span></p><h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 175, 80);align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 4px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(76, 175, 80);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;font-weight: bold;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">二、管线估值怎么算?从0到1拆透峰值销售每一步</span></span></h2><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">创新药管线估值的第一步,是算清楚这款药卖到峰值的时候一年能卖多少钱,也就是「峰值销售」。这个数字不是拍脑袋瞎蒙的,是一层一层拆出来的,每一步都有数据可查:</span></p><blockquote style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 10px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: solid;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px 0px;display: block;overflow-x: auto;overflow-y: auto;"><p style="text-indent: 0em;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;"><span leaf="">峰值销售 = 目标患者人数 × 渗透率 × 市占率 × 用药时长 × 治疗费用 × 临床成功率</span></p></blockquote><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">我们一步一步拆开讲:</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">第一步:算准目标患者人数,逐层收窄才准确</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">要算患者数,不能直接拿总的患病人数来算,必须按疾病特点逐层筛选收窄,每一步都要有流行病学数据支撑:</span></p><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">按疾病类型选基数</span></strong><span leaf="">:肿瘤这种进展快的疾病,一般用每年新发病人数当基数,不用再加存量,因为存量患者少,和临床入组口径也对得上;高血压、糖尿病这种慢病,就要用患病率乘以治疗率,不能直接拿总患病人数算,因为很多患者根本不治疗。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">按适应证一步步收窄</span></strong><span leaf="">:整体人群→病理分型→分期/治疗线数→突变/表达分层,每一步都要缩小范围。比如一款针对EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌的三代药,不能直接拿所有肺癌患者当基数,要先挑出非小细胞肺癌,再挑出EGFR突变的,再看是一线还是二线,最后再确定适用的患者数。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">注意地区差异和靶点特点</span></strong><span leaf="">:食管鳞癌亚洲人多,前列腺癌美国人多,算海外市场要调整基数;还要区分靶点和用药人群,有些药不需要检测靶点突变,就能覆盖所有患者,不能乱把靶点表达比例当作用药人群比例;有些要按表达量分层,比如HER2 3+和1+是分开的,分层越严,患者越少,但单价越高。</span></section></li></ol><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">这里最关键的一个规律是</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">适应证阶梯</span></strong><span leaf="">:一线治疗面对所有初诊病人,从后线往一线拓展每前进一步,可及患者就能扩大好几倍,这是创新药管线估值弹性最大的来源,大适应证+突破性疗效,才是最好的估值组合。</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">第二步:渗透率和市占率,要结合竞争格局调整</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">算完患者数,接下来就是多少患者会用你的药,拆成渗透率和市占率两个部分:</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">渗透率</span></strong><span leaf="">:创新药上市之后不会马上到峰值,要爬3-5年的坡,进医保、进医院之后才会慢慢放量,所以要给爬坡曲线,不能一上来就算满额。而且渗透率还要打折扣:比如高血压,我们国家高血压知晓率43.3%,治疗率38.7%,控制率只有12.9%,最终只有不到15%的患者会稳定用药,这部分折减一定要算进去,不然就会严重高估。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">市占率</span></strong><span leaf="">:同一线治疗往往有好几种药竞争,先发的有处方惯性,后来的必须要有优效才能抢份额,头对头读出优效数据的BIC(最优药物)就能拿更高的市占率。填补临床空白的突破性药放量特别快,比如Enhertu在HER2低表达乳腺癌,GLP-1减重药,都是一下子爆起来;替代旧药的就会放得平缓。重大会议读出数据之后,还要根据数据好坏调整市占率假设。</span></section></li></ul><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">第三步:治疗费用和用药时长,国内海外要分开算</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">用药时长怎么取?肿瘤一般用临床试验的中位无进展生存期(mPFS),病人过了mPFS就会换线,所以直接用这个数;辅助治疗按固定疗程,比如一年;慢病就是终身用药,还要算上脱落率折减。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">价格方面,国内和海外差异非常大:</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">国内新药进医保一定要降价,一般首次进保降50-60%,之后每2-3年再降10-20%,定价参考同机制已经进保的药,估值的时候要把降价节点算进去,不能一直按上市价格算。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">海外尤其是美国,对新上市专利药没有强制降价,价格一般是国内的5-10倍,欧洲是2-3倍,日本是2-4倍,所以同一分子海外的价值往往是国内的好几倍,这就是为什么出海能让分子价值放大好几倍,也是BD交易越来越多的核心原因。</span></section></li></ul><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">第四步:最关键的风险调整:临床成功率到底给多少?</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">创新药研发失败概率非常高,全球统计从I期到最终获批的综合概率只有10.4%,肿瘤更低,II期是最大的门槛——I期只看安全性,II期才开始验疗效,很多机理看着对的药,到II期就失败了。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">根据中国Biotech的实际情况,经过I期筛选之后,一般可以给:II期40-50%成功率,III期70%,III期读出阳性数据之后给90%。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">这里有一个非常重要的点:</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">临床数据读出、BD合作进展,都会直接改变成功率预期,触发估值跳升</span></strong><span leaf="">。比如一款药II期读出很好的数据,或者被跨国药企license-out(对外授权),大药企做了非常详细的尽调肯付大额首付,本身就是对这个分子的认可,市场会直接上调成功率和峰值销售预期,股价就会涨——这就是创新药股价事件性波动的本质原因。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">把以上所有参数乘起来,再分适应证加总(一个药往往有好几个适应证,要分开算再加总),就能得到风险调整后的峰值销售,我们来看两个实际案例:</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">肿瘤药案例:AK112依沃西单抗</span></strong><span leaf="">:国内分9个适应证分别测算,最终风险调整后峰值销售131亿人民币;海外同样分适应证测算,峰值销售110亿美元,这就是大适应证双抗的价值。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">慢病案例:信超妥ARNI</span></strong><span leaf="">:从4.6亿高血压人群开始,逐层乘以控制率、渗透率、市占率,分成高血压、难治性高血压、心衰合并高血压三个亚群分别算,最终得到整体峰值销售49亿人民币,中心衰合并高血压贡献了三分之二的价值,分层测算才能避免高估。</span></section></li></ul><h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 175, 80);align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 4px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(76, 175, 80);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;font-weight: bold;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">三、BD出海怎么算价值?不同模式都能统一折算</span></span></h2><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">现在中国创新药出海越来越多,有License-out(授权给海外药企)、Co-Co(双方共同开发)、自主出海,不同模式怎么算估值?</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">不管什么模式,BD交易的收入都分成三部分:</span><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">首付款、里程碑、销售分成</span></strong><span leaf="">:首付款签完就拿,确定性最高;里程碑要达到临床、获批、销售等节点才能拿,每个节点都要算概率折现;销售分成一般是销售额的10-20%,是长期的尾现金流。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">估值的时候要注意:License-out的研发成本大部分是合作方出的,首付款和里程碑一般算其他收入,不算主营业务收入,销售分成算收入但成本很低,要单独拆分现金流折现,不能和自主销售混在一起算,避免重复计算。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">很多人会问,不同模式估值差很多吗?其实不管什么模式,最终都可以回归到「海外潜在销量×合理分成比例」来折算,模式不同只是影响分成比例和现金流兑现的时间,不会改变分子本身的海外潜力,本质是风险和收益的再分配,最终市场会给出趋同的估值。比如百济泽布替尼自主出海,100%拿全部利润;康方AK112授权出海拿首付和提成;科伦博泰把多个ADC授权给默沙东,不同模式都能算出对应的合理价值。</span></p><h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 175, 80);align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 4px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(76, 175, 80);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;font-weight: bold;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">四、整个公司怎么估值?三种方法对应不同阶段</span></span></h2><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">算完单管线价值,接下来要算整个公司的价值,业内常用三种方法,对应公司不同的成长阶段:</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">方法一:DCF(现金流折现),适合业务单一的Biotech</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">DCF的核心逻辑非常简单:把公司未来每一年的自由现金流,按折现率折成现在的价值,再加总,最后加上终值(专利到期后的稳定增长价值),减去净负债就是股权价值。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">DCF最适合还没盈利、只有核心管线的Biotech,因为它本来就不赚当下的钱,DCF能把未来上市后的现金流价值算清楚,研发失败风险已经通过临床成功率算进去了。唯一要注意的是,DCF对假设非常敏感,折现率、永续增长率稍微变一点,估值就会变很多,所以一定要做敏感性分析,看看不同假设下估值变化有多大。实操中折现率一般给10-20%,再做敏感性测试就可以。</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">方法二:分部估值(SOTP),适合仿创转型的公司</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">很多国内创新药公司是从仿制药转型来的,既有成熟的仿制药业务,又有一堆在研创新管线,两类资产风险收益完全不一样,适合用分部估值:</span></p><blockquote style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 10px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: solid;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px 0px;display: block;overflow-x: auto;overflow-y: auto;"><p style="text-indent: 0em;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;"><span leaf="">公司总价值 = 成熟业务价值(仿制药/已上市创新药) + 所有创新管线rNPV加总 + 公司净现金</span></p></blockquote><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">成熟业务一般用PE估值,仿制药因为受集采压制,给8-15倍PE,已经成熟的创新药给20-30倍;创新管线每个分子算完rNPV再加总;最后加净现金(要剔除限制性资金,考虑税务影响)。这种方法的好处是非常透明,你能清楚看到哪块业务贡献了多少价值,哪个管线对市值影响最大,出了催化剂直接调整对应管线的估值就行,非常方便跟踪,还能和DCF结果互相验证。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">我们来看映恩生物的案例:映恩只有两个后期核心管线DB-1303和DB-1311,早期管线先不算,避免高估;国内分别算峰值,按3倍PS估值,总共132亿;海外按销售峰值算15%分成,再按4倍PS,总共176亿,加起来308亿,和DCF算出来的318亿几乎一致,说明这个方法非常准确,等早期管线推进了再补进去就行。</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">方法三:PS(市销率)快速估值,适合即将上市的分子</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">对于1-3年内就要上市的分子,其实不用算那么复杂的DCF,用PS估值就足够准确:管线价值大概就是峰值销售的3-4倍,和DCF算出来的结果高度一致。为什么会这样?因为管线价值≈峰值销售×峰值持续年数×稳态净利率×折现因子÷成功率,最后算下来刚好收敛到峰值销售的3-4倍,非常方便快速估算。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">第一三共的Enhertu市值和峰值销售预期同步涨落,艾力斯伏美替尼上市后PS从高往低降,最后切换成PE估值,都验证了这个逻辑的有效性。</span></p><h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(37, 132, 181);margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(37, 132, 181);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;font-weight: bold;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">不同成长阶段用不同方法,核心抓对驱动因素</span></span></h3><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">创新药公司从小到大,估值方法是跟着阶段变的:</span></p><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">早期Biotech阶段</span></strong><span leaf="">:核心就是管线质量和现金够不够烧,用单管线rNPV加总估值,看每个管线的临床进度;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">成长期转型公司</span></strong><span leaf="">:既有成熟业务又有创新管线,用分部估值,看商业化执行力和多管线协同;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: auto;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 3px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><span leaf="">成熟跨国药企阶段</span></strong><span leaf="">:已经有全球销售能力和技术平台,这时候就不再按单个分子定价了,会给平台溢价——因为技术平台能不断出新分子,每款新分子都是平台的期权,辉瑞、礼来这些大药企的高估值,本质就是平台溢价。</span></section></li></ol><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">不管什么阶段,给创新药公司估值的完整流程都是标准化的,一共五步:</span></p><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">梳理所有管线,按研发进度分类;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">从流行病学数据一步步算出目标患者人数;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">结合竞争格局算每个适应证的逐年销售额,算出单适应证NPV;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">按临床阶段乘以成功率,得到风险调整后的rNPV;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">把所有管线加总,再加上净现金和平台价值,就是整体价值,最后要么走分部估值,要么走整体DCF,两个可以互相验证。</span></section></li></ol><h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 175, 80);align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 4px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;line-height: 1.5em;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span style="font-size: 20px;color: rgb(76, 175, 80);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0em;font-weight: bold;align-items: unset;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: transparent;background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: 0%;background-position-y: 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-shadow: none;display: block;flex-direction: unset;float: unset;height: auto;justify-content: unset;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;overflow-x: unset;overflow-y: unset;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;text-shadow: none;transform: none;width: auto;-webkit-box-reflect: unset;"><span leaf="">五、普通人买创新药,核心抓这几个催化节点</span></span></h2><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">看完这套估值方法论,普通人就能明白,创新药公司的涨跌其实都是有逻辑的,不是瞎炒:</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 25px;padding-right: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">当一款管线读出阳性临床数据,成功率上调,峰值销售也可能上调,估值就会往上跳,股价涨;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">当签了大金额出海BD,大药企背书,不仅直接拿到首付款,还上调了成功率和海外价值,估值也会涨;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">当产品进医保降价,虽然单价降了,但渗透率会快速提升,总销售额反而会涨,估值也会重估;</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;font-weight: normal;"><span leaf="">反过来,如果临床失败,成功率直接归0,这个管线价值就没了,股价就会大跌。</span></section></li></ul><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">当前中国创新药大多处于管线收获和出海放量的前夜,核心要跟踪三个变量:国内已上市产品的放量节奏、海外BD的进展、III期临床数据的好坏,这三个变量任何一个超预期,都会带来估值提升,不用过度纠结当期是赚还是亏。</span></p><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">最后还是要提示风险:创新药行业本身不确定性很高,研发进展不及预期、商业化放量不及预期、海外审批不达预期、集采降价超预期、地缘政治风险都会影响股价和公司价值,投资一定要注意风险。</span></p><hr style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;border-right-style: none;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-left-width: 3px;border-right-width: 3px;border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;background-attachment: scroll;background-clip: border-box;background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background-image: none;background-origin: padding-box;background-position-x: left;background-position-y: top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: auto;width: auto;height: 1px;" /><p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: 0em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;"><span leaf="">本文基于东吴证券行业研究报告整理,核心逻辑完全保留原报告观点,不构成任何投资建议,市场有风险,投资需谨慎。</span></p></section><section><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, PingFangSC-regular, serif;font-size: 24px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><br /></span></span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>

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