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茅台神话终结、次高端集体失速,2026年的白酒还能买吗?

发布于 2026-04-25

<section nodeleaf=""><iframe data-src="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/readtemplate?t=pages/video_player_tmpl&amp;action=mpvideo&amp;auto=0&amp;vid=wxv_4481929083945172996" data-mpvid="wxv_4481929083945172996" data-vidtype="2" data-cover="http%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2F9alt9LFC5gwyKEVXuvvgCibbK2n4qUdaCibelD3whU4O7FYzyiaWobgVdumy1DAiaVphOfngEEVWicdajiaSJUtrnvH5d5GwrN1icjNRbS5KARAJO8%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" data-w="1280" class="video_iframe rich_pages"></iframe></section><section data-layout-id="0" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">当飞天茅台批价跌破1499元官方指导价的那一刻,白酒行业一个旧时代落幕了。曾经的“永不落幕的神话”,如今正在经历史上最深刻的结构性调整。本文基于广发证券最新研报及多方数据,深度剖析白酒行业周期律的演进脉络,带你看清这场调整的真相与机遇。</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="1" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">一、十年繁荣终结:白酒周期进入最艰难时刻</span></h1><section data-layout-id="2" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">中国白酒行业自2016年开启的这一轮繁荣周期,在经历近十年发展后,于2025年正式进入历史上最为深刻的结构性调整期。这不是简单的经济波动,而是需求、供给、渠道以及资本定价逻辑的全面重构。</span></section><section data-layout-id="3" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">从“三阶段”看懂白酒周期:</span></section><section data-layout-id="4" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">第一阶段(2016-2021年上半年):繁荣上场</span></section><section data-layout-id="5" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">彼时,房地产复苏、消费升级、流动性宽松三大引擎共振,白酒行业实现了规模、利润率与估值的“戴维斯三击”。申万白酒指数在这期间涨幅超过6倍,头部酒企通过收缩低端产能、向高端集中资源,享受了量价齐升的黄金红利。</span></section><section data-layout-id="6" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">第二阶段(2021年下半年-2025年上半年):压力中场</span></section><section data-layout-id="7" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">随着地产链景气度下行,需求侧动销开始疲软。但酒企为维持业绩高增长,持续向渠道压货,社会库存逐步累积,批价步入下行通道。这一阶段本质上是“明斯基时刻”的酝酿——泡沫在繁荣中被不断吹大。</span></section><section data-layout-id="8" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">第三阶段(2025年下半年至今):深度出清</span></section><section data-layout-id="9" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">2025年成为白酒行业真正步入“深水区”的元年。名优白酒批发价接连跌破重要关口,部分中小酒企因现金流断裂出现“爆雷”,行业亏损面持续扩大。根据中国酒业协会数据,2025年上半年白酒企业亏损面约36%,创下历史新高。下半年起,渠道压力倒逼酒企调整报表预期,贵州茅台2025年第四季度利润同比暴跌30.3%,被视作行业加速出清的终极信号。</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="10" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">二、龙头企业神话破灭:茅台二十年来首现“双降”</span></h1><section data-layout-id="11" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">2025年年报的披露,标志着白酒行业“绝对龙头”贵州茅台二十余年持续增长神话的阶段性终结。</span></section><section data-layout-id="12" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">茅台怎么了?</span></section><section data-layout-id="13" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">贵州茅台2025年营收1720.54亿元,同比下降1.2%;归母净利润823.2亿元,同比下降4.53%。这是自2001年公司上市以来首次出现营收与利润的“双降”,其中第四季度利润同比暴跌30.3%。</span></section><section data-layout-id="14" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">但深入分析会发现,茅台的业绩下滑更像是一种“战略性舍弃”。在长期品牌调性与渠道生态面前,管理层选择舍弃短期业绩考核,通过主动放缓发货节奏、控制产品投放量,来缓解渠道价格倒挂的隐忧。</span></section><section data-layout-id="15" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">更标志性的一幕:2025年12月12日,散瓶飞天茅台报价低至1479-1485元,正式跌破1499元的官方指导价。这一历史性时刻打破了“茅台价格只涨不跌”的信仰,标志着白酒长期积累的金融溢价被彻底挤出,市场开始回归真实饮用属性。</span></section><section data-layout-id="16" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">二线企业生存危机加剧:</span></section><section data-layout-id="17" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">舍得酒业:ROE从2022年的27%暴降至2025年的3%,经营性净现金流出现显著缺口</span></section><section data-layout-id="18" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">酒鬼酒:2025年前三季度已出现亏损</span></section><section data-layout-id="19" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">水井坊:归母净利润同比降幅超过70%</span></section><section data-layout-id="20" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">行业“马太效应”被推向极致。2025年前三季度,排名前六的酒企销售份额占比已达84%,大量中小酒企面临被市场边缘化甚至系统性清退的风险。</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="21" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">三、渠道“堰塞湖”决堤:传统蓄水池模式彻底告终</span></h1><section data-layout-id="22" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">长期以来,白酒行业依赖经销商作为“蓄水池”来平滑生产商财务业绩,但在2025年,由于终端动销下滑60%-70%,这一模式彻底告吹。</span></section><section data-layout-id="23" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">过去几年积累的巨量渠道库存被形象地称为“堰塞湖”,在商务场景缺失和消费预期转弱的双重压力下,终于迎来泄洪式市场出清。</span></section><section data-layout-id="24" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">经销商生存逻辑的三大转变:</span></section><section data-layout-id="25" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">从“冲业绩”到“保现金流”:不再盲目追求进货任务,优先通过降价抛售回笼资金</span></section><section data-layout-id="26" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">拒绝压货与理性打款:2026年春节前的“开门红”传统遭遇冷遇,酒企主动下调打款比例10%-20%</span></section><section data-layout-id="27" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">厂商联盟化:经销商通过入股平台商等模式,与酒企形成深度利益绑定,共担风险</span></section><section data-layout-id="28" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">茅台在2026年推行的“代售模式”更是颠覆性创新——产品所有权仍归茅台,经销商按销售额获取约5%的服务费,而非赚取批零价差。这一动作将经销商从“贸易商”强制转型为“服务商”,极大削弱了渠道囤货投机的动机。</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="29" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">四、消费代际更替:从“悦人”到“悦己”的艰难转型</span></h1><section data-layout-id="30" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">白酒行业的社会学基础正在经历代际交替的剧烈震荡。</span></section><section data-layout-id="31" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">过去,白酒作为“社交货币”和“价值载体”,核心需求集中于政务接待与商务酬酢,购买决策主要受品牌高度和“面子”驱动。但随着经济结构转型和传统消耗行业下行,自饮、亲友聚饮及个人收藏等“悦己”需求迅速崛起。</span></section><section data-layout-id="32" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">数据揭示的现实:</span></section><section data-layout-id="33" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">虽然潜在年轻酒饮人群规模高达4.9亿,但传统白酒的“辛辣感”与“酒桌文化”仍是阻碍年轻群体认同的核心壁垒。市场调研显示,年轻人认得茅台等名牌,但对高端形象的认同度却在下滑。</span></section><section data-layout-id="34" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">2025年劲酒实现逆势增长(业绩预增10%),正是由于精准切中了年轻群体及女性用户对于低度、健康及功能性的真实诉求。这为白酒企业的年轻化转型提供了重要启示:简单“降度”或包装联名并不能触达年轻人,真正的需求在于符合现代饮用习惯的“风味创新”。</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="35" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">五、估值底部信号:悲观预期已至极限</span></h1><section data-layout-id="36" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">基金持仓创十年新低:</span></section><section data-layout-id="37" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">截至2026年第一季度,食品饮料板块在全基重仓占比中已降至5.6%,处于近十年来的低位水平。若剔除四大传统消费基金机构,主动权益基金在白酒板块的持仓比例仅为1.7%。</span></section><section data-layout-id="38" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">这种极致悲观情绪导致白酒板块估值断崖式修正。目前行业PE(TTM)约18.5倍,估值分位数处于近五年2.0%的极低水平。</span></section><section data-layout-id="39" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">三重修复信号值得关注:</span></section><section data-layout-id="40" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">渠道现金流边际改善:经销商不再依赖杠杆回款,具备真实动销带来的现金回笼意愿</span></section><section data-layout-id="41" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">主流批价企稳回升:飞天茅台批价若能稳定在1500元以上并出现趋势性上修,将率先修复渠道利润</span></section><section data-layout-id="42" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">补库需求出现:库存水平修复至行业中枢后,经销商重新展现主动打款锁货意愿</span></section><h1 data-layout-id="43" style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: 500;color: rgba(42, 174, 103, 1);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 12px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">结语:黎明前的黑暗,还是漫长的黄昏?</span></h1><section data-layout-id="44" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">2025-2026年是中国白酒行业从“草莽扩张”向“高质量集中”转型的历史分水岭。虽然短期内市场仍被价格倒挂、企业爆雷等阴影笼罩,但这种由阵痛驱动的市场出清,正是在为下一轮更健康、更依赖真实开瓶而非投机蓄水的长周期积蓄能量。</span></section><section data-layout-id="45" style="font-size: 17px;font-weight: 400;color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="">对于专业投资者而言,当前的极致悲观时刻,或许正是布局这一极具确定性现金流资产的黄金机遇期。毕竟,白酒作为华夏文明独特的文化消费品,其投资价值正是在这种周期的烈火淬炼中,由泡沫回归真实价值的过程。</span></section><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0 0;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;-webkit-transform: scale(1, 0.5);transform-origin: 0 0;transform: scale(1, 0.5);" /><section data-layout-id="34" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 0px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: 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style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 0px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="100048501" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/9alt9LFC5gwaXfvoQTTuRiasibSf9yXZwlCibHoeLaFWMDgrLrsR8HaGkLekwNNSIwbSBp7icWczv8SnRASK9Xicvo1F2KrRcdby1aTaUnxCd5Ak/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg&amp;watermark=1&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;tp=webp#imgIndex=1" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: bottom;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 676.989px !important;" type="block"></section><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 0px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft 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